4require_once 
'./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.assQuestion.php';
 
    5require_once 
'./Modules/Test/classes/inc.AssessmentConstants.php';
 
    6require_once 
'./Modules/TestQuestionPool/interfaces/interface.ilObjQuestionScoringAdjustable.php';
 
    7require_once 
'./Modules/TestQuestionPool/interfaces/interface.ilObjAnswerScoringAdjustable.php';
 
    8require_once 
'./Modules/TestQuestionPool/interfaces/interface.iQuestionCondition.php';
 
    9require_once 
'./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.ilUserQuestionResult.php';
 
   10require_once 
'Modules/TestQuestionPool/interfaces/interface.ilAssSpecificFeedbackOptionLabelProvider.php';
 
  116        $this->thumb_size = 150;
 
  117        $this->answers = array();
 
  119        $this->selectionLimit = 
null;
 
  120        $this->feedback_setting = 0;
 
  147        if (strlen($this->title) and ($this->author) and ($this->question) and (count($this->answers)) and ($this->
getMaximumPoints() > 0)) {
 
  165        $this->ensureNoInvalidObligation($this->
getId());
 
  176                if (strlen($answer->getImage())) {
 
  202            switch (strtoupper($path_info[
'extension'])) {
 
  234            $this->
setId($question_id);
 
  243            include_once(
"./Services/RTE/classes/class.ilRTE.php");
 
  249            $this->isSingleline = (
$data[
'allow_images']) ? 
false : 
true;
 
  250            $this->lastChange = 
$data[
'tstamp'];
 
  252            $this->feedback_setting = 
$data[
'feedback_setting'];
 
  261            "SELECT * FROM qpl_a_mc WHERE question_fi = %s ORDER BY aorder ASC",
 
  265        include_once 
"./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.assAnswerMultipleResponseImage.php";
 
  269                if (!@file_exists($imagefilename)) {
 
  270                    $data[
"imagefile"] = 
"";
 
  272                include_once(
"./Services/RTE/classes/class.ilRTE.php");
 
  278        parent::loadFromDb($question_id);
 
  286        if ($this->
id <= 0) {
 
  291        $this_id = $this->
getId();
 
  295        include_once(
"./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.assQuestion.php");
 
  299        if ((
int) $testObjId > 0) {
 
  300            $clone->setObjId($testObjId);
 
  321        $clone->copyPageOfQuestion($this_id);
 
  323        $clone->copyXHTMLMediaObjectsOfQuestion($this_id);
 
  325        $clone->duplicateImages($this_id, $thisObjId);
 
  327        $clone->onDuplicate($thisObjId, $this_id, $clone->getObjId(), $clone->getId());
 
  337        if ($this->
id <= 0) {
 
  343        include_once(
"./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.assQuestion.php");
 
  346        $source_questionpool_id = $this->
getObjId();
 
  347        $clone->setObjId($target_questionpool_id);
 
  357        $clone->copyImages(
$original_id, $source_questionpool_id);
 
  359        $clone->onCopy($source_questionpool_id, 
$original_id, $clone->getObjId(), $clone->getId());
 
  366        if ($this->
id <= 0) {
 
  371        include_once(
"./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.assQuestion.php");
 
  374        $sourceParentId = $this->
getObjId();
 
  380        $clone->setObjId($targetParentId);
 
  382        if ($targetQuestionTitle) {
 
  383            $clone->setTitle($targetQuestionTitle);
 
  388        $clone->copyPageOfQuestion($sourceQuestionId);
 
  390        $clone->copyXHTMLMediaObjectsOfQuestion($sourceQuestionId);
 
  392        $clone->copyImages($sourceQuestionId, $sourceParentId);
 
  394        $clone->onCopy($sourceParentId, $sourceQuestionId, $clone->getObjId(), $clone->getId());
 
  438        $points_unchecked = 0.0,
 
  442        include_once 
"./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.assAnswerMultipleResponseImage.php";
 
  443        if (array_key_exists($order, $this->answers)) {
 
  446            $newchoices = array();
 
  447            for (
$i = 0; 
$i < $order; 
$i++) {
 
  448                array_push($newchoices, $this->answers[
$i]);
 
  450            array_push($newchoices, $answer);
 
  451            for (
$i = $order; 
$i < count($this->answers); 
$i++) {
 
  456            $this->answers = $newchoices;
 
  460            array_push($this->answers, $answer);
 
  472        return count($this->answers);
 
  488        if (count($this->answers) < 1) {
 
  491        if (
$index >= count($this->answers)) {
 
  495        return $this->answers[
$index];
 
  510        if (count($this->answers) < 1) {
 
  513        if (
$index >= count($this->answers)) {
 
  516        $answer = $this->answers[
$index];
 
  517        if (strlen($answer->getImage())) {
 
  520        unset($this->answers[
$index]);
 
  521        $this->answers = array_values($this->answers);
 
  522        for (
$i = 0; 
$i < count($this->answers); 
$i++) {
 
  523            if ($this->answers[
$i]->getOrder() > 
$index) {
 
  524                $this->answers[
$i]->setOrder(
$i);
 
  536        $this->answers = array();
 
  548        foreach ($this->answers as 
$key => $value) {
 
  549            if ($value->getPoints() > $value->getPointsUnchecked()) {
 
  550                $allpoints += $value->getPoints();
 
  552                $allpoints += $value->getPointsUnchecked();
 
  571        if ($returndetails) {
 
  572            throw new ilTestException(
'return details not implemented for ' . __METHOD__);
 
  577        $found_values = array();
 
  578        if (is_null(
$pass)) {
 
  583            if (strcmp(
$data[
"value1"], 
"") != 0) {
 
  584                array_push($found_values, 
$data[
"value1"]);
 
  600                    $this->lng->txt(
'ass_mc_sel_lim_exhausted_hint'),
 
  601                    $this->getSelectionLimit(),
 
  602                    $this->getAnswerCount()
 
  615        if (!count($solutionSubmit) && !empty(
$_POST[
'tst_force_form_diff_input'])) {
 
  635        if (is_null(
$pass)) {
 
  636            include_once 
"./Modules/Test/classes/class.ilObjTest.php";
 
  642        $this->
getProcessLocker()->executeUserSolutionUpdateLockOperation(
function () use (&$entered_values, $active_id, 
$pass, $authorized) {
 
  647            foreach ($solutionSubmit as $value) {
 
  648                if (strlen($value)) {
 
  662        if ($entered_values) {
 
  663            include_once(
"./Modules/Test/classes/class.ilObjAssessmentFolder.php");
 
  668            include_once(
"./Modules/Test/classes/class.ilObjAssessmentFolder.php");
 
  686                             ) . 
" WHERE question_fi = %s",
 
  688                array( $this->
getId() )
 
  692                $oldthumbsize = 
$data[
'thumb_size'];
 
  696        if (!$this->isSingleline) {
 
  704                'shuffle' => array(
'text', $this->
getShuffle()),
 
  705                'allow_images' => array(
'text', $this->isSingleline ? 0 : 1),
 
  711                'question_fi' => array(
'integer', $this->
getId())
 
  721            "DELETE FROM qpl_a_mc WHERE question_fi = %s",
 
  723            array( $this->
getId() )
 
  726        foreach ($this->answers as 
$key => $value) {
 
  727            $answer_obj = $this->answers[
$key];
 
  728            $next_id    = 
$ilDB->nextId(
'qpl_a_mc');
 
  730                "INSERT INTO qpl_a_mc (answer_id, question_fi, answertext, points, points_unchecked, aorder, imagefile, tstamp) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
 
  731                array( 
'integer', 
'integer', 
'text', 
'float', 
'float', 
'integer', 
'text', 
'integer' ),
 
  736                                    $answer_obj->getPoints(),
 
  737                                    $answer_obj->getPointsUnchecked(),
 
  738                                    $answer_obj->getOrder(),
 
  739                                    $answer_obj->getImage(),
 
  759            parent::syncWithOriginal();
 
  770        return "assMultipleChoice";
 
  800    public function setImageFile($image_filename, $image_tempfilename = 
"")
 
  803        if (!empty($image_tempfilename)) {
 
  804            $image_filename = str_replace(
" ", 
"_", $image_filename);
 
  806            if (!file_exists($imagepath)) {
 
  809            if (!ilUtil::moveUploadedFile($image_tempfilename, $image_filename, $imagepath . $image_filename)) {
 
  812                include_once 
"./Services/MediaObjects/classes/class.ilObjMediaObject.php";
 
  814                if (!preg_match(
"/^image/", $mimetype)) {
 
  815                    unlink($imagepath . $image_filename);
 
  836        @unlink($imagepath . $image_filename);
 
  837        $thumbpath = $imagepath . $this->
getThumbPrefix() . $image_filename;
 
  841    public function duplicateImages($question_id, $objectId = 
null)
 
  847        $imagepath_original = str_replace(
"/$this->id/images", 
"/$question_id/images", $imagepath);
 
  849        if ((
int) $objectId > 0) {
 
  850            $imagepath_original = str_replace(
"/$this->obj_id/", 
"/$objectId/", $imagepath_original);
 
  853        foreach ($this->answers as $answer) {
 
  856                if (!file_exists($imagepath)) {
 
  860                if (file_exists($imagepath_original . 
$filename)) {
 
  863                            "Could not clone source image '%s' to '%s' (srcQuestionId: %s|tgtQuestionId: %s|srcParentObjId: %s|tgtParentObjId: %s)",
 
  874                if (file_exists($imagepath_original . $this->
getThumbPrefix() . $filename)) {
 
  877                            "Could not clone thumbnail source image '%s' to '%s' (srcQuestionId: %s|tgtQuestionId: %s|srcParentObjId: %s|tgtParentObjId: %s)",
 
  891    public function copyImages($question_id, $source_questionpool)
 
  895        $imagepath_original = str_replace(
"/$this->id/images", 
"/$question_id/images", $imagepath);
 
  896        $imagepath_original = str_replace(
"/$this->obj_id/", 
"/$source_questionpool/", $imagepath_original);
 
  897        foreach ($this->answers as $answer) {
 
  900                if (!file_exists($imagepath)) {
 
  904                    $ilLog->write(
"image could not be duplicated!!!!", 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  905                    $ilLog->write(
"object: " . print_r($this, 
true), 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  907                if (@file_exists($imagepath_original . $this->
getThumbPrefix() . $filename)) {
 
  909                        $ilLog->write(
"image thumbnail could not be duplicated!!!!", 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  910                        $ilLog->write(
"object: " . print_r($this, 
true), 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  927        $originalObjId = parent::lookupParentObjId($this->
getOriginalId());
 
  928        $imagepath_original = $this->
getImagePath($question_id, $originalObjId);
 
  931        foreach ($this->answers as $answer) {
 
  934                if (@file_exists($imagepath . 
$filename)) {
 
  935                    if (!file_exists($imagepath)) {
 
  938                    if (!file_exists($imagepath_original)) {
 
  942                        $ilLog->write(
"image could not be duplicated!!!!", 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  943                        $ilLog->write(
"object: " . print_r($this, 
true), 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  946                if (@file_exists($imagepath . $this->
getThumbPrefix() . $filename)) {
 
  948                        $ilLog->write(
"image thumbnail could not be duplicated!!!!", 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  949                        $ilLog->write(
"object: " . print_r($this, 
true), 
$ilLog->ERROR);
 
  961        $text = parent::getRTETextWithMediaObjects();
 
  962        foreach ($this->answers as 
$index => $answer) {
 
  963            $text .= $this->feedbackOBJ->getSpecificAnswerFeedbackContent($this->
getId(), 
$index);
 
  964            $answer_obj = $this->answers[
$index];
 
  965            $text .= $answer_obj->getAnswertext();
 
  989            $worksheet->setCell($startrow + 
$i, 0, $answer->getAnswertext());
 
  992            foreach ($solution as $solutionvalue) {
 
  993                if (
$id == $solutionvalue[
"value1"]) {
 
 1005        return $startrow + 
$i + 1;
 
 1015        $this->thumb_size = $a_size;
 
 1034        require_once 
'./Services/RTE/classes/class.ilRTE.php';
 
 1044            'onenotcorrect' => $this->
formatSAQuestion($this->feedbackOBJ->getGenericFeedbackTestPresentation($this->getId(), 
false)),
 
 1045            'allcorrect' => $this->formatSAQuestion($this->feedbackOBJ->getGenericFeedbackTestPresentation($this->getId(), 
true))
 
 1051            if ((
string) $answer_obj->getImage()) {
 
 1055                "answertext" => (
string) $this->
formatSAQuestion($answer_obj->getAnswertext()),
 
 1056                "points_checked" => (
float) $answer_obj->getPointsChecked(),
 
 1057                "points_unchecked" => (
float) $answer_obj->getPointsUnchecked(),
 
 1058                "order" => (
int) $answer_obj->getOrder(),
 
 1059                "image" => (
string) $answer_obj->getImage(),
 
 1060                "feedback" => $this->formatSAQuestion(
 
 1061                    $this->feedbackOBJ->getSpecificAnswerFeedbackExportPresentation($this->getId(), 
$key)
 
 1080        $answer = $this->answers[
$index];
 
 1081        if (is_object($answer)) {
 
 1083            $answer->setImage(
'');
 
 1091        $multilineAnswerSetting = 
$ilUser->getPref(
"tst_multiline_answers");
 
 1092        if ($multilineAnswerSetting != 1) {
 
 1093            $multilineAnswerSetting = 0;
 
 1095        return $multilineAnswerSetting;
 
 1101        $ilUser->writePref(
"tst_multiline_answers", $a_setting);
 
 1115        $this->feedback_setting = $a_feedback_setting;
 
 1129        if ($this->feedback_setting) {
 
 1138        return 'feedback_correct_sc_mc';
 
 1156        return $numExistingSolutionRecords > 0;
 
 1176                        SELECT SUM(points) points_for_checked_answers 
 1178                        WHERE question_fi = %s AND points > 0 
 1185        return $row[
'points_for_checked_answers'] > 0;
 
 1196    public function ensureNoInvalidObligation($questionId)
 
 1202                        SELECT          SUM(qpl_a_mc.points) points_for_checked_answers, 
 1205                        FROM            tst_test_question 
 1208                        ON                      qpl_a_mc.question_fi = tst_test_question.question_fi 
 1210                        WHERE           tst_test_question.question_fi = %s 
 1211                        AND                     tst_test_question.obligatory = 1 
 1213                        GROUP BY        test_question_id 
 1218        $updateTestQuestionIds = array();
 
 1221            if (
$row[
'points_for_checked_answers'] <= 0) {
 
 1222                $updateTestQuestionIds[] = 
$row[
'test_question_id'];
 
 1226        if (count($updateTestQuestionIds)) {
 
 1227            $test_question_id__IN__updateTestQuestionIds = 
$ilDB->in(
 
 1229                $updateTestQuestionIds,
 
 1235                                UPDATE tst_test_question 
 1237                                WHERE $test_question_id__IN__updateTestQuestionIds 
 1249        $solutionSubmit = array();
 
 1251            if (preg_match(
"/^multiple_choice_result_(\d+)/", 
$key)) {
 
 1252                if (strlen($value)) {
 
 1253                    $solutionSubmit[] = $value;
 
 1257        return $solutionSubmit;
 
 1268        foreach ($this->answers as 
$key => $answer) {
 
 1269            if (in_array(
$key, $found_values)) {
 
 1270                $points += $answer->getPoints();
 
 1272                $points += $answer->getPointsUnchecked();
 
 1276            include_once 
"./Modules/Test/classes/class.ilObjTest.php";
 
 1278            if (($mc_scoring == 0) && (count($found_values) == 0)) {
 
 1295        require_once 
"./Modules/TestQuestionPool/classes/class.ilOperatorsExpressionMapping.php";
 
 1327        $maxStep = $this->lookupMaxStep($active_id, 
$pass);
 
 1329        if ($maxStep !== 
null) {
 
 1331                "SELECT value1+1 as value1 FROM tst_solutions WHERE active_fi = %s AND pass = %s AND question_fi = %s AND step = %s",
 
 1332                array(
"integer", 
"integer", 
"integer",
"integer"),
 
 1333                array($active_id, 
$pass, $this->
getId(), $maxStep)
 
 1337                "SELECT value1+1 as value1 FROM tst_solutions WHERE active_fi = %s AND pass = %s AND question_fi = %s",
 
 1338                array(
"integer", 
"integer", 
"integer"),
 
 1343        while (
$row = $ilDB->fetchAssoc(
$data)) {
 
 1374        $config = parent::buildTestPresentationConfig();
 
 1375        $config->setUseUnchangedAnswerLabel($this->lng->txt(
'tst_mc_label_none_above'));
 
sprintf('%.4f', $callTime)
ASS_AnswerBinaryStateImage is a class for answers with a binary state indicator (checked/unchecked,...
An exception for terminatinating execution or to throw for unit testing.
Class for multiple choice tests.
buildTestPresentationConfig()
build basic test question configuration instance
syncImages()
Sync images of a MC question on synchronisation with the original question.
toJSON()
Returns a JSON representation of the question.
getSpecificFeedbackSetting()
Gets the current feedback settings in effect for the question.
setExportDetailsXLS($worksheet, $startrow, $active_id, $pass)
{Creates an Excel worksheet for the detailed cumulated results of this question.object}
copyImages($question_id, $source_questionpool)
saveToDb($original_id="")
Saves a assMultipleChoice object to a database.
loadFromDb($question_id)
Loads a assMultipleChoice object from a database.
duplicate($for_test=true, $title="", $author="", $owner="", $testObjId=null)
Duplicates an assMultipleChoiceQuestion.
getMaximumPoints()
Returns the maximum points, a learner can reach answering the question.
getAnswerCount()
Returns the number of answers.
getAnswerTableName()
Returns the name of the answer table in the database.
reworkWorkingData($active_id, $pass, $obligationsAnswered, $authorized)
{Reworks the allready saved working data if neccessary.}
isForcedEmptySolution($solutionSubmit)
getAdditionalTableName()
Returns the name of the additional question data table in the database.
addAnswer( $answertext="", $points=0.0, $points_unchecked=0.0, $order=0, $answerimage="")
Adds a possible answer for a multiple choice question.
getSpecificFeedbackAllCorrectOptionLabel()
setSpecificFeedbackSetting($a_feedback_setting)
Sets the feedback settings in effect for the question.
removeAnswerImage($index)
getAvailableAnswerOptions($index=null)
If index is null, the function returns an array with all anwser options Else it returns the specific ...
setSelectionLimit($selectionLimit)
calculateReachedPointsForSolution($found_values, $active_id=0)
getOutputType()
Gets the multiple choice output type which is either OUTPUT_ORDER (=0) or OUTPUT_RANDOM (=1).
setLastChange($lastChange)
copyObject($target_questionpool_id, $title="")
Copies an assMultipleChoice object.
createNewOriginalFromThisDuplicate($targetParentId, $targetQuestionTitle="")
getMultilineAnswerSetting()
lmMigrateQuestionTypeSpecificContent(ilAssSelfAssessmentMigrator $migrator)
setMultilineAnswerSetting($a_setting=0)
isComplete()
Returns true, if a multiple choice question is complete for use.
flushAnswers()
Deletes all answers.
deleteAnswer($index=0)
Deletes an answer with a given index.
getQuestionType()
Returns the question type of the question.
deleteImage($image_filename)
Deletes an image file.
setImageFile($image_filename, $image_tempfilename="")
Sets the image file and uploads the image to the object's image directory.
__construct( $title="", $comment="", $author="", $owner=-1, $question="", $output_type=OUTPUT_ORDER)
assMultipleChoice constructor
setIsSingleline($isSingleline)
setOutputType($output_type=OUTPUT_ORDER)
Sets the output type of the assMultipleChoice object.
calculateReachedPoints($active_id, $pass=null, $authorizedSolution=true, $returndetails=false)
Returns the points, a learner has reached answering the question.
isAnswered($active_id, $pass=null)
returns boolean wether the question is answered during test pass or not
getAnswer($index=0)
Returns an answer with a given index.
generateThumbForFile($path, $file)
getExpressionTypes()
Get all available expression types for a specific question.
getRTETextWithMediaObjects()
Collects all text in the question which could contain media objects which were created with the Rich ...
rebuildThumbnails()
Rebuild the thumbnail images with a new thumbnail size.
& getAnswers()
Returns a reference to the answers array.
getOperators($expression)
Get all available operations for a specific question.
Abstract basic class which is to be extended by the concrete assessment question type classes.
getCurrentSolutionResultSet($active_id, $pass, $authorized=true)
Get a restulset for the current user solution for a this question by active_id and pass.
getSolutionValues($active_id, $pass=null, $authorized=true)
Loads solutions of a given user from the database an returns it.
static _getOriginalId($question_id)
Returns the original id of a question.
formatSAQuestion($a_q)
Format self assessment question.
setShuffle($shuffle=true)
Sets the shuffle flag.
setId($id=-1)
Sets the id of the assQuestion object.
setOriginalId($original_id)
setObjId($obj_id=0)
Set the object id of the container object.
static isObligationPossible($questionId)
returns boolean wether it is possible to set this question type as obligatory or not considering the ...
getSolutionMaxPass($active_id)
Returns the maximum pass a users question solution.
saveQuestionDataToDb($original_id="")
getId()
Gets the id of the assQuestion object.
saveCurrentSolution($active_id, $pass, $value1, $value2, $authorized=true, $tstamp=null)
getObjId()
Get the object id of the container object.
setTitle($title="")
Sets the title string of the assQuestion object.
setOwner($owner="")
Sets the creator/owner ID of the assQuestion object.
setEstimatedWorkingTime($hour=0, $min=0, $sec=0)
Sets the estimated working time of a question from given hour, minute and second.
static logAction($logtext="", $active_id="", $question_id="")
Logs an action into the Test&Assessment log.
getImagePath($question_id=null, $object_id=null)
Returns the image path for web accessable images of a question.
removeCurrentSolution($active_id, $pass, $authorized=true)
static getNumExistingSolutionRecords($activeId, $pass, $questionId)
returns the number of existing solution records for the given test active / pass and given question i...
setAuthor($author="")
Sets the authors name of the assQuestion object.
saveWorkingData($active_id, $pass=null, $authorized=true)
Saves the learners input of the question to the database.
getShuffle()
Gets the shuffle flag.
getTitle()
Gets the title string of the assQuestion object.
setPoints($a_points)
Sets the maximum available points for the question.
setComment($comment="")
Sets the comment string of the assQuestion object.
setNrOfTries($a_nr_of_tries)
getQuestion()
Gets the question string of the question object.
setAdditionalContentEditingMode($additinalContentEditingMode)
setter for additional content editing mode for this question
setQuestion($question="")
Sets the question string of the question object.
getImagePathWeb()
Returns the web image path for web accessable images of a question.
static _getLogLanguage()
retrieve the log language for assessment logging
static _enabledAssessmentLogging()
check wether assessment logging is enabled or not
static _getPass($active_id)
Retrieves the actual pass of a given user for a given test.
static _getMCScoring($active_id)
Gets the scoring type for multiple choice questions.
static getOperatorsByExpression($expression)
static _replaceMediaObjectImageSrc($a_text, $a_direction=0, $nic=IL_INST_ID)
Replaces image source from mob image urls with the mob id or replaces mob id with the correct image s...
Base Exception for all Exceptions relating to Modules/Test.
Class ilUserQuestionResult.
static delDir($a_dir, $a_clean_only=false)
removes a dir and all its content (subdirs and files) recursively
static convertImage( $a_from, $a_to, $a_target_format="", $a_geometry="", $a_background_color="")
convert image
static sendFailure($a_info="", $a_keep=false)
Send Failure Message to Screen.
static makeDirParents($a_dir)
Create a new directory and all parent directories.
Class iQuestionCondition.
const PercentageResultExpression
getUserQuestionResult($active_id, $pass)
Get the user solution for a question by active_id and the test pass.
const EmptyAnswerExpression
const ExclusiveResultExpression
const NumberOfResultExpression
migrateToLmContent($content)
Interface ilObjAnswerScoringAdjustable.
saveAnswerSpecificDataToDb()
Saves the answer specific records into a question types answer table.
Interface ilObjQuestionScoringAdjustable.
saveAdditionalQuestionDataToDb()
Saves a record to the question types additional data table.
if(!file_exists("$old.txt")) if( $old===$new) if(file_exists("$new.txt")) $file
foreach($_POST as $key=> $value) $res