X509.php

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<?php
 
namespace phpseclib\File;
 
use phpseclib\Crypt\Hash;
use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
use phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element;
use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
 
class X509
{
    const VALIDATE_SIGNATURE_BY_CA = 1;
 
    const DN_ARRAY = 0;
    const DN_STRING = 1;
    const DN_ASN1 = 2;
    const DN_OPENSSL = 3;
    const DN_CANON = 4;
    const DN_HASH = 5;
    const FORMAT_PEM = 0;
    const FORMAT_DER = 1;
    const FORMAT_SPKAC = 2;
    const FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT = 3;
    const ATTR_ALL = -1; // All attribute values (array).
    const ATTR_APPEND = -2; // Add a value.
    const ATTR_REPLACE = -3; // Clear first, then add a value.
 
    var $Certificate;
 
    var $DirectoryString;
    var $PKCS9String;
    var $AttributeValue;
    var $Extensions;
    var $KeyUsage;
    var $ExtKeyUsageSyntax;
    var $BasicConstraints;
    var $KeyIdentifier;
    var $CRLDistributionPoints;
    var $AuthorityKeyIdentifier;
    var $CertificatePolicies;
    var $AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax;
    var $SubjectAltName;
    var $PrivateKeyUsagePeriod;
    var $IssuerAltName;
    var $PolicyMappings;
    var $NameConstraints;
 
    var $CPSuri;
    var $UserNotice;
 
    var $netscape_cert_type;
    var $netscape_comment;
    var $netscape_ca_policy_url;
 
    var $Name;
    var $RelativeDistinguishedName;
    var $CRLNumber;
    var $CRLReason;
    var $IssuingDistributionPoint;
    var $InvalidityDate;
    var $CertificateIssuer;
    var $HoldInstructionCode;
    var $SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge;
    var $CertificationRequest;
 
    var $CertificateList;
 
    var $dn;
 
    var $publicKey;
 
    var $privateKey;
 
    var $oids;
 
    var $CAs;
 
    var $currentCert;
 
    var $signatureSubject;
 
    var $startDate;
 
    var $endDate;
 
    var $serialNumber;
 
    var $currentKeyIdentifier;
 
    var $caFlag = false;
 
    var $challenge;
 
    function __construct()
    {
        // Explicitly Tagged Module, 1988 Syntax
        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#appendix-A.1
 
        $this->DirectoryString = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'teletexString'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING),
                'printableString' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING),
                'universalString' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING),
                'utf8String'      => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING),
                'bmpString'       => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BMP_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $this->PKCS9String = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'ia5String'       => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING),
                'directoryString' => $this->DirectoryString
            )
        );
 
        $this->AttributeValue = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY);
 
        $AttributeType = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
 
        $AttributeTypeAndValue = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'type' => $AttributeType,
                'value'=> $this->AttributeValue
            )
        );
 
        /*
        In practice, RDNs containing multiple name-value pairs (called "multivalued RDNs") are rare,
        but they can be useful at times when either there is no unique attribute in the entry or you
        want to ensure that the entry's DN contains some useful identifying information.
 
        - https://www.opends.org/wiki/page/DefinitionRelativeDistinguishedName
        */
        $this->RelativeDistinguishedName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $AttributeTypeAndValue
        );
 
        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.4
        $RDNSequence = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            // RDNSequence does not define a min or a max, which means it doesn't have one
            'min'      => 0,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $this->RelativeDistinguishedName
        );
 
        $this->Name = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'rdnSequence' => $RDNSequence
            )
        );
 
        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.1.2
        $AlgorithmIdentifier = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'algorithm'  => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
                'parameters' => array(
                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
                                    'optional' => true
                                )
            )
        );
 
        /*
           A certificate using system MUST reject the certificate if it encounters
           a critical extension it does not recognize; however, a non-critical
           extension may be ignored if it is not recognized.
 
           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2
        */
        $Extension = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'extnId'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
                'critical' => array(
                                  'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
                                  'optional' => true,
                                  'default'  => false
                              ),
                'extnValue' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $this->Extensions = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            // technically, it's MAX, but we'll assume anything < 0 is MAX
            'max'      => -1,
            // if 'children' isn't an array then 'min' and 'max' must be defined
            'children' => $Extension
        );
 
        $SubjectPublicKeyInfo = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'algorithm'        => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                'subjectPublicKey' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $UniqueIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING);
 
        $Time = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'utcTime'     => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTC_TIME),
                'generalTime' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME)
            )
        );
 
        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
        $Validity = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'notBefore' => $Time,
                'notAfter'  => $Time
            )
        );
 
        $CertificateSerialNumber = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER);
 
        $Version = array(
            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER,
            'mapping' => array('v1', 'v2', 'v3')
        );
 
        // assert($TBSCertificate['children']['signature'] == $Certificate['children']['signatureAlgorithm'])
        $TBSCertificate = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                // technically, default implies optional, but we'll define it as being optional, none-the-less, just to
                // reenforce that fact
                'version'             => array(
                                             'constant' => 0,
                                             'optional' => true,
                                             'explicit' => true,
                                             'default'  => 'v1'
                                         ) + $Version,
                'serialNumber'         => $CertificateSerialNumber,
                'signature'            => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                'issuer'               => $this->Name,
                'validity'             => $Validity,
                'subject'              => $this->Name,
                'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
                // implicit means that the T in the TLV structure is to be rewritten, regardless of the type
                'issuerUniqueID'       => array(
                                               'constant' => 1,
                                               'optional' => true,
                                               'implicit' => true
                                           ) + $UniqueIdentifier,
                'subjectUniqueID'       => array(
                                               'constant' => 2,
                                               'optional' => true,
                                               'implicit' => true
                                           ) + $UniqueIdentifier,
                // <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2459#page-74> doesn't use the EXPLICIT keyword but if
                // it's not IMPLICIT, it's EXPLICIT
                'extensions'            => array(
                                               'constant' => 3,
                                               'optional' => true,
                                               'explicit' => true
                                           ) + $this->Extensions
            )
        );
 
        $this->Certificate = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                 'tbsCertificate'     => $TBSCertificate,
                 'signatureAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                 'signature'          => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $this->KeyUsage = array(
            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
            'mapping' => array(
                'digitalSignature',
                'nonRepudiation',
                'keyEncipherment',
                'dataEncipherment',
                'keyAgreement',
                'keyCertSign',
                'cRLSign',
                'encipherOnly',
                'decipherOnly'
            )
        );
 
        $this->BasicConstraints = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'cA'                => array(
                                                 'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'default'  => false
                                       ),
                'pathLenConstraint' => array(
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER,
                                                 'optional' => true
                                       )
            )
        );
 
        $this->KeyIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING);
 
        $OrganizationalUnitNames = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => 4, // ub-organizational-units
            'children' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
        );
 
        $PersonalName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
            'children' => array(
                'surname'              => array(
                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
                                           'constant' => 0,
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                         ),
                'given-name'           => array(
                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
                                           'constant' => 1,
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                         ),
                'initials'             => array(
                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
                                           'constant' => 2,
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                         ),
                'generation-qualifier' => array(
                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
                                           'constant' => 3,
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                         )
            )
        );
 
        $NumericUserIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING);
 
        $OrganizationName = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING);
 
        $PrivateDomainName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'numeric'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
                'printable' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $TerminalIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING);
 
        $NetworkAddress = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING);
 
        $AdministrationDomainName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            // if class isn't present it's assumed to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_UNIVERSAL or
            // (if constant is present) \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
            'class'    => ASN1::CLASS_APPLICATION,
            'cast'     => 2,
            'children' => array(
                'numeric'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
                'printable' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $CountryName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            // if class isn't present it's assumed to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_UNIVERSAL or
            // (if constant is present) \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
            'class'    => ASN1::CLASS_APPLICATION,
            'cast'     => 1,
            'children' => array(
                'x121-dcc-code'        => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
                'iso-3166-alpha2-code' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $AnotherName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                 'type-id' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
                 'value'   => array(
                                  'type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
                                  'constant' => 0,
                                  'optional' => true,
                                  'explicit' => true
                              )
            )
        );
 
        $ExtensionAttribute = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                 'extension-attribute-type'  => array(
                                                    'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
                                                    'constant' => 0,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'implicit' => true
                                                ),
                 'extension-attribute-value' => array(
                                                    'type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
                                                    'constant' => 1,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'explicit' => true
                                                )
            )
        );
 
        $ExtensionAttributes = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => 256, // ub-extension-attributes
            'children' => $ExtensionAttribute
        );
 
        $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                 'type'  => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING),
                 'value' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => 4, // ub-domain-defined-attributes
            'children' => $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute
        );
 
        $BuiltInStandardAttributes =  array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'country-name'               => array('optional' => true) + $CountryName,
                'administration-domain-name' => array('optional' => true) + $AdministrationDomainName,
                'network-address'            => array(
                                                 'constant' => 0,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $NetworkAddress,
                'terminal-identifier'        => array(
                                                 'constant' => 1,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $TerminalIdentifier,
                'private-domain-name'        => array(
                                                 'constant' => 2,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'explicit' => true
                                               ) + $PrivateDomainName,
                'organization-name'          => array(
                                                 'constant' => 3,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $OrganizationName,
                'numeric-user-identifier'    => array(
                                                 'constant' => 4,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $NumericUserIdentifier,
                'personal-name'              => array(
                                                 'constant' => 5,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $PersonalName,
                'organizational-unit-names'  => array(
                                                 'constant' => 6,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $OrganizationalUnitNames
            )
        );
 
        $ORAddress = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                 'built-in-standard-attributes'       => $BuiltInStandardAttributes,
                 'built-in-domain-defined-attributes' => array('optional' => true) + $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes,
                 'extension-attributes'               => array('optional' => true) + $ExtensionAttributes
            )
        );
 
        $EDIPartyName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                 'nameAssigner' => array(
                                    'constant' => 0,
                                    'optional' => true,
                                    'implicit' => true
                                ) + $this->DirectoryString,
                 // partyName is technically required but \phpseclib\File\ASN1 doesn't currently support non-optional constants and
                 // setting it to optional gets the job done in any event.
                 'partyName'    => array(
                                    'constant' => 1,
                                    'optional' => true,
                                    'implicit' => true
                                ) + $this->DirectoryString
            )
        );
 
        $GeneralName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'otherName'                 => array(
                                                 'constant' => 0,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $AnotherName,
                'rfc822Name'                => array(
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING,
                                                 'constant' => 1,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ),
                'dNSName'                   => array(
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING,
                                                 'constant' => 2,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ),
                'x400Address'               => array(
                                                 'constant' => 3,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $ORAddress,
                'directoryName'             => array(
                                                 'constant' => 4,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'explicit' => true
                                               ) + $this->Name,
                'ediPartyName'              => array(
                                                 'constant' => 5,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $EDIPartyName,
                'uniformResourceIdentifier' => array(
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING,
                                                 'constant' => 6,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ),
                'iPAddress'                 => array(
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING,
                                                 'constant' => 7,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ),
                'registeredID'              => array(
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
                                                 'constant' => 8,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               )
            )
        );
 
        $GeneralNames = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $GeneralName
        );
 
        $this->IssuerAltName = $GeneralNames;
 
        $ReasonFlags = array(
            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
            'mapping' => array(
                'unused',
                'keyCompromise',
                'cACompromise',
                'affiliationChanged',
                'superseded',
                'cessationOfOperation',
                'certificateHold',
                'privilegeWithdrawn',
                'aACompromise'
            )
        );
 
        $DistributionPointName = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'fullName'                => array(
                                                 'constant' => 0,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $GeneralNames,
                'nameRelativeToCRLIssuer' => array(
                                                 'constant' => 1,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $this->RelativeDistinguishedName
            )
        );
 
        $DistributionPoint = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'distributionPoint' => array(
                                                 'constant' => 0,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'explicit' => true
                                       ) + $DistributionPointName,
                'reasons'           => array(
                                                 'constant' => 1,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $ReasonFlags,
                'cRLIssuer'         => array(
                                                 'constant' => 2,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $GeneralNames
            )
        );
 
        $this->CRLDistributionPoints = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $DistributionPoint
        );
 
        $this->AuthorityKeyIdentifier = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'keyIdentifier'             => array(
                                                 'constant' => 0,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $this->KeyIdentifier,
                'authorityCertIssuer'       => array(
                                                 'constant' => 1,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $GeneralNames,
                'authorityCertSerialNumber' => array(
                                                 'constant' => 2,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true
                                               ) + $CertificateSerialNumber
            )
        );
 
        $PolicyQualifierId = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
 
        $PolicyQualifierInfo = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'policyQualifierId' => $PolicyQualifierId,
                'qualifier'         => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY)
            )
        );
 
        $CertPolicyId = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
 
        $PolicyInformation = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'policyIdentifier' => $CertPolicyId,
                'policyQualifiers' => array(
                                          'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
                                          'min'      => 0,
                                          'max'      => -1,
                                          'optional' => true,
                                          'children' => $PolicyQualifierInfo
                                      )
            )
        );
 
        $this->CertificatePolicies = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $PolicyInformation
        );
 
        $this->PolicyMappings = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => array(
                              'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
                              'children' => array(
                                  'issuerDomainPolicy' => $CertPolicyId,
                                  'subjectDomainPolicy' => $CertPolicyId
                              )
                       )
        );
 
        $KeyPurposeId = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
 
        $this->ExtKeyUsageSyntax = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $KeyPurposeId
        );
 
        $AccessDescription = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'accessMethod'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
                'accessLocation' => $GeneralName
            )
        );
 
        $this->AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $AccessDescription
        );
 
        $this->SubjectAltName = $GeneralNames;
 
        $this->PrivateKeyUsagePeriod = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'notBefore' => array(
                                                 'constant' => 0,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true,
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME),
                'notAfter'  => array(
                                                 'constant' => 1,
                                                 'optional' => true,
                                                 'implicit' => true,
                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME)
            )
        );
 
        $BaseDistance = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER);
 
        $GeneralSubtree = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'base'    => $GeneralName,
                'minimum' => array(
                                 'constant' => 0,
                                 'optional' => true,
                                 'implicit' => true,
                                 'default' => new BigInteger(0)
                             ) + $BaseDistance,
                'maximum' => array(
                                 'constant' => 1,
                                 'optional' => true,
                                 'implicit' => true,
                             ) + $BaseDistance
            )
        );
 
        $GeneralSubtrees = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $GeneralSubtree
        );
 
        $this->NameConstraints = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'permittedSubtrees' => array(
                                           'constant' => 0,
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $GeneralSubtrees,
                'excludedSubtrees'  => array(
                                           'constant' => 1,
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $GeneralSubtrees
            )
        );
 
        $this->CPSuri = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
 
        $DisplayText = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
            'children' => array(
                'ia5String'     => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING),
                'visibleString' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING),
                'bmpString'     => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BMP_STRING),
                'utf8String'    => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $NoticeReference = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'organization'  => $DisplayText,
                'noticeNumbers' => array(
                                       'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
                                       'min'      => 1,
                                       'max'      => 200,
                                       'children' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER)
                                   )
            )
        );
 
        $this->UserNotice = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'noticeRef' => array(
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $NoticeReference,
                'explicitText'  => array(
                                           'optional' => true,
                                           'implicit' => true
                                       ) + $DisplayText
            )
        );
 
        // mapping is from <http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/tech-notes/tn3.html>
        $this->netscape_cert_type = array(
            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
            'mapping' => array(
                'SSLClient',
                'SSLServer',
                'Email',
                'ObjectSigning',
                'Reserved',
                'SSLCA',
                'EmailCA',
                'ObjectSigningCA'
            )
        );
 
        $this->netscape_comment = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
        $this->netscape_ca_policy_url = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
 
        // attribute is used in RFC2986 but we're using the RFC5280 definition
 
        $Attribute = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'type' => $AttributeType,
                'value'=> array(
                              'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
                              'min'      => 1,
                              'max'      => -1,
                              'children' => $this->AttributeValue
                          )
            )
        );
 
        // adapted from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986>
 
        $Attributes = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
            'min'      => 1,
            'max'      => -1,
            'children' => $Attribute
        );
 
        $CertificationRequestInfo = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'version'       => array(
                                       'type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER,
                                       'mapping' => array('v1')
                                   ),
                'subject'       => $this->Name,
                'subjectPKInfo' => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
                'attributes'    => array(
                                       'constant' => 0,
                                       'optional' => true,
                                       'implicit' => true
                                   ) + $Attributes,
            )
        );
 
        $this->CertificationRequest = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'certificationRequestInfo' => $CertificationRequestInfo,
                'signatureAlgorithm'       => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                'signature'                => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $RevokedCertificate = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                              'userCertificate'    => $CertificateSerialNumber,
                              'revocationDate'     => $Time,
                              'crlEntryExtensions' => array(
                                                          'optional' => true
                                                      ) + $this->Extensions
                          )
        );
 
        $TBSCertList = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'version'             => array(
                                             'optional' => true,
                                             'default'  => 'v1'
                                         ) + $Version,
                'signature'           => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                'issuer'              => $this->Name,
                'thisUpdate'          => $Time,
                'nextUpdate'          => array(
                                             'optional' => true
                                         ) + $Time,
                'revokedCertificates' => array(
                                             'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
                                             'optional' => true,
                                             'min'      => 0,
                                             'max'      => -1,
                                             'children' => $RevokedCertificate
                                         ),
                'crlExtensions'       => array(
                                             'constant' => 0,
                                             'optional' => true,
                                             'explicit' => true
                                         ) + $this->Extensions
            )
        );
 
        $this->CertificateList = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'tbsCertList'        => $TBSCertList,
                'signatureAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                'signature'          => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $this->CRLNumber = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER);
 
        $this->CRLReason = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_ENUMERATED,
           'mapping' => array(
                            'unspecified',
                            'keyCompromise',
                            'cACompromise',
                            'affiliationChanged',
                            'superseded',
                            'cessationOfOperation',
                            'certificateHold',
                            // Value 7 is not used.
                            8 => 'removeFromCRL',
                            'privilegeWithdrawn',
                            'aACompromise'
            )
        );
 
        $this->IssuingDistributionPoint = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'distributionPoint'          => array(
                                                    'constant' => 0,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'explicit' => true
                                                ) + $DistributionPointName,
                'onlyContainsUserCerts'      => array(
                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
                                                    'constant' => 1,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'default'  => false,
                                                    'implicit' => true
                                                ),
                'onlyContainsCACerts'        => array(
                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
                                                    'constant' => 2,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'default'  => false,
                                                    'implicit' => true
                                                ),
                'onlySomeReasons'           => array(
                                                    'constant' => 3,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'implicit' => true
                                                ) + $ReasonFlags,
                'indirectCRL'               => array(
                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
                                                    'constant' => 4,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'default'  => false,
                                                    'implicit' => true
                                                ),
                'onlyContainsAttributeCerts' => array(
                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
                                                    'constant' => 5,
                                                    'optional' => true,
                                                    'default'  => false,
                                                    'implicit' => true
                                                )
                          )
        );
 
        $this->InvalidityDate = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME);
 
        $this->CertificateIssuer = $GeneralNames;
 
        $this->HoldInstructionCode = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
 
        $PublicKeyAndChallenge = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'spki'      => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
                'challenge' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge = array(
            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
            'children' => array(
                'publicKeyAndChallenge' => $PublicKeyAndChallenge,
                'signatureAlgorithm'    => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
                'signature'             => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
            )
        );
 
        // OIDs from RFC5280 and those RFCs mentioned in RFC5280#section-4.1.1.2
        $this->oids = array(
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7' => 'id-pkix',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1' => 'id-pe',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2' => 'id-qt',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3' => 'id-kp',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48' => 'id-ad',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1' => 'id-qt-cps',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2' => 'id-qt-unotice',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1' =>'id-ad-ocsp',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2' => 'id-ad-caIssuers',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.3' => 'id-ad-timeStamping',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.5' => 'id-ad-caRepository',
            '2.5.4' => 'id-at',
            '2.5.4.41' => 'id-at-name',
            '2.5.4.4' => 'id-at-surname',
            '2.5.4.42' => 'id-at-givenName',
            '2.5.4.43' => 'id-at-initials',
            '2.5.4.44' => 'id-at-generationQualifier',
            '2.5.4.3' => 'id-at-commonName',
            '2.5.4.7' => 'id-at-localityName',
            '2.5.4.8' => 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName',
            '2.5.4.10' => 'id-at-organizationName',
            '2.5.4.11' => 'id-at-organizationalUnitName',
            '2.5.4.12' => 'id-at-title',
            '2.5.4.13' => 'id-at-description',
            '2.5.4.46' => 'id-at-dnQualifier',
            '2.5.4.6' => 'id-at-countryName',
            '2.5.4.5' => 'id-at-serialNumber',
            '2.5.4.65' => 'id-at-pseudonym',
            '2.5.4.17' => 'id-at-postalCode',
            '2.5.4.9' => 'id-at-streetAddress',
            '2.5.4.45' => 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier',
            '2.5.4.72' => 'id-at-role',
 
            '0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25' => 'id-domainComponent',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.9' => 'pkcs-9',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1' => 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress',
            '2.5.29' => 'id-ce',
            '2.5.29.35' => 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier',
            '2.5.29.14' => 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier',
            '2.5.29.15' => 'id-ce-keyUsage',
            '2.5.29.16' => 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod',
            '2.5.29.32' => 'id-ce-certificatePolicies',
            '2.5.29.32.0' => 'anyPolicy',
 
            '2.5.29.33' => 'id-ce-policyMappings',
            '2.5.29.17' => 'id-ce-subjectAltName',
            '2.5.29.18' => 'id-ce-issuerAltName',
            '2.5.29.9' => 'id-ce-subjectDirectoryAttributes',
            '2.5.29.19' => 'id-ce-basicConstraints',
            '2.5.29.30' => 'id-ce-nameConstraints',
            '2.5.29.36' => 'id-ce-policyConstraints',
            '2.5.29.31' => 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints',
            '2.5.29.37' => 'id-ce-extKeyUsage',
            '2.5.29.37.0' => 'anyExtendedKeyUsage',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1' => 'id-kp-serverAuth',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2' => 'id-kp-clientAuth',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3' => 'id-kp-codeSigning',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4' => 'id-kp-emailProtection',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8' => 'id-kp-timeStamping',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9' => 'id-kp-OCSPSigning',
            '2.5.29.54' => 'id-ce-inhibitAnyPolicy',
            '2.5.29.46' => 'id-ce-freshestCRL',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1' => 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess',
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11' => 'id-pe-subjectInfoAccess',
            '2.5.29.20' => 'id-ce-cRLNumber',
            '2.5.29.28' => 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint',
            '2.5.29.27' => 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator',
            '2.5.29.21' => 'id-ce-cRLReasons',
            '2.5.29.29' => 'id-ce-certificateIssuer',
            '2.5.29.23' => 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode',
            '1.2.840.10040.2' => 'holdInstruction',
            '1.2.840.10040.2.1' => 'id-holdinstruction-none',
            '1.2.840.10040.2.2' => 'id-holdinstruction-callissuer',
            '1.2.840.10040.2.3' => 'id-holdinstruction-reject',
            '2.5.29.24' => 'id-ce-invalidityDate',
 
            '1.2.840.113549.2.2' => 'md2',
            '1.2.840.113549.2.5' => 'md5',
            '1.3.14.3.2.26' => 'id-sha1',
            '1.2.840.10040.4.1' => 'id-dsa',
            '1.2.840.10040.4.3' => 'id-dsa-with-sha1',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1' => 'pkcs-1',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.1' => 'rsaEncryption',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.2' => 'md2WithRSAEncryption',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.4' => 'md5WithRSAEncryption',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.5' => 'sha1WithRSAEncryption',
            '1.2.840.10046.2.1' => 'dhpublicnumber',
            '2.16.840.1.101.2.1.1.22' => 'id-keyExchangeAlgorithm',
            '1.2.840.10045' => 'ansi-X9-62',
            '1.2.840.10045.4' => 'id-ecSigType',
            '1.2.840.10045.4.1' => 'ecdsa-with-SHA1',
            '1.2.840.10045.1' => 'id-fieldType',
            '1.2.840.10045.1.1' => 'prime-field',
            '1.2.840.10045.1.2' => 'characteristic-two-field',
            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3' => 'id-characteristic-two-basis',
            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.1' => 'gnBasis',
            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.2' => 'tpBasis',
            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.3' => 'ppBasis',
            '1.2.840.10045.2' => 'id-publicKeyType',
            '1.2.840.10045.2.1' => 'id-ecPublicKey',
            '1.2.840.10045.3' => 'ellipticCurve',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0' => 'c-TwoCurve',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.1' => 'c2pnb163v1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.2' => 'c2pnb163v2',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.3' => 'c2pnb163v3',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.4' => 'c2pnb176w1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.5' => 'c2pnb191v1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.6' => 'c2pnb191v2',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.7' => 'c2pnb191v3',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.8' => 'c2pnb191v4',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.9' => 'c2pnb191v5',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.10' => 'c2pnb208w1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.11' => 'c2pnb239v1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.12' => 'c2pnb239v2',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.13' => 'c2pnb239v3',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.14' => 'c2pnb239v4',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.15' => 'c2pnb239v5',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.16' => 'c2pnb272w1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.17' => 'c2pnb304w1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.18' => 'c2pnb359v1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.19' => 'c2pnb368w1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.20' => 'c2pnb431r1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1' => 'primeCurve',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.1' => 'prime192v1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.2' => 'prime192v2',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.3' => 'prime192v3',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.4' => 'prime239v1',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.5' => 'prime239v2',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.6' => 'prime239v3',
            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.7' => 'prime256v1',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.7' => 'id-RSAES-OAEP',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.9' => 'id-pSpecified',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.10' => 'id-RSASSA-PSS',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.8' => 'id-mgf1',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.14' => 'sha224WithRSAEncryption',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.11' => 'sha256WithRSAEncryption',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.12' => 'sha384WithRSAEncryption',
            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.13' => 'sha512WithRSAEncryption',
            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.4' => 'id-sha224',
            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1' => 'id-sha256',
            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2' => 'id-sha384',
            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3' => 'id-sha512',
            '1.2.643.2.2.4' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94',
            '1.2.643.2.2.3' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001',
            '1.2.643.2.2.20' => 'id-GostR3410-2001',
            '1.2.643.2.2.19' => 'id-GostR3410-94',
            // Netscape Object Identifiers from "Netscape Certificate Extensions"
            '2.16.840.1.113730' => 'netscape',
            '2.16.840.1.113730.1' => 'netscape-cert-extension',
            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.1' => 'netscape-cert-type',
            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.13' => 'netscape-comment',
            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.8' => 'netscape-ca-policy-url',
            // the following are X.509 extensions not supported by phpseclib
            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12' => 'id-pe-logotype',
            '1.2.840.113533.7.65.0' => 'entrustVersInfo',
            '2.16.840.1.113733.1.6.9' => 'verisignPrivate',
            // for Certificate Signing Requests
            // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2985
            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.2' => 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName', // PKCS #9 unstructured name
            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.7' => 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword', // Challenge password for certificate revocations
            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.14' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest' // Certificate extension request
        );
    }
 
    function loadX509($cert, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
    {
        if (is_array($cert) && isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            unset($this->currentCert);
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
            $this->dn = $cert['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
                return false;
            }
            $this->currentCert = $cert;
 
            $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : null;
 
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
 
            return $cert;
        }
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
            $newcert = $this->_extractBER($cert);
            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $cert == $newcert) {
                return false;
            }
            $cert = $newcert;
        }
 
        if ($cert === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($cert);
 
        if (!empty($decoded)) {
            $x509 = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->Certificate);
        }
        if (!isset($x509) || $x509 === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $this->signatureSubject = substr($cert, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
 
        $this->_mapInExtensions($x509, 'tbsCertificate/extensions', $asn1);
 
        $key = &$x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
        $key = $this->_reformatKey($x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'], $key);
 
        $this->currentCert = $x509;
        $this->dn = $x509['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
 
        $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : null;
 
        return $x509;
    }
 
    function saveX509($cert, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($cert) || !isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        switch (true) {
            // "case !$a: case !$b: break; default: whatever();" is the same thing as "if ($a && $b) whatever()"
            case !($algorithm = $this->_subArray($cert, 'tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
            case is_object($cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                break;
            default:
                switch ($algorithm) {
                    case 'rsaEncryption':
                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']
                            = base64_encode("\0" . base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
                        /* "[For RSA keys] the parameters field MUST have ASN.1 type NULL for this algorithm identifier."
                           -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279#section-2.3.1
 
                           given that and the fact that RSA keys appear ot be the only key type for which the parameters field can be blank,
                           it seems like perhaps the ASN.1 description ought not say the parameters field is OPTIONAL, but whatever.
                         */
                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = null;
                        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279#section-2.2.1
                        $cert['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = null;
                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = null;
                }
        }
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
 
        $filters = array();
        $type_utf8_string = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['authorityCertIssuer']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        //$filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['distributionPoint']['fullName']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
        $filters['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
 
        /* in the case of policyQualifiers/qualifier, the type has to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING.
           \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING will cause OpenSSL's X.509 parser to spit out random
           characters.
         */
        $filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier']
            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
 
        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
 
        $this->_mapOutExtensions($cert, 'tbsCertificate/extensions', $asn1);
 
        $cert = $asn1->encodeDER($cert, $this->Certificate);
 
        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $cert;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n" . chunk_split(base64_encode($cert), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE-----';
        }
    }
 
    function _mapInExtensions(&$root, $path, $asn1)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
 
        if (is_array($extensions)) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($extensions); $i++) {
                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
                $value = base64_decode($value);
                $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
                if (!is_bool($map)) {
                    $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map, array('iPAddress' => array($this, '_decodeIP')));
                    $value = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
 
                    if ($id == 'id-ce-certificatePolicies') {
                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
                                $map = $this->_getMapping($subid);
                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
                                if ($map !== false) {
                                    $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($subvalue);
                                    $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
                                    $subvalue = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $value = base64_encode($value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    function _mapOutExtensions(&$root, $path, $asn1)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
 
        if (is_array($extensions)) {
            $size = count($extensions);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
                if ($extensions[$i] instanceof Element) {
                    continue;
                }
 
                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
 
                switch ($id) {
                    case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
                                $map = $this->_getMapping($subid);
                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
                                if ($map !== false) {
                                    // by default \phpseclib\File\ASN1 will try to render qualifier as a \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING since it's
                                    // actual type is \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_ANY
                                    $subvalue = new Element($asn1->encodeDER($subvalue, $map));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier': // use 00 as the serial number instead of an empty string
                        if (isset($value['authorityCertSerialNumber'])) {
                            if ($value['authorityCertSerialNumber']->toBytes() == '') {
                                $temp = chr((ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 2) . "\1\0";
                                $value['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = new Element($temp);
                            }
                        }
                }
 
                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
                if (is_bool($map)) {
                    if (!$map) {
                        user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported extension');
                        unset($extensions[$i]);
                    }
                } else {
                    $temp = $asn1->encodeDER($value, $map, array('iPAddress' => array($this, '_encodeIP')));
                    $value = base64_encode($temp);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    function _mapInAttributes(&$root, $path, $asn1)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
 
        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($attributes); $i++) {
                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
                /* $value contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
                if (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
                        $value = $asn1->encodeDER($values[$j], $this->AttributeValue);
                        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
                            $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
                            if ($mapped !== false) {
                                $values[$j] = $mapped;
                            }
                            if ($id == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
                                $this->_mapInExtensions($values, $j, $asn1);
                            }
                        } elseif ($map) {
                            $values[$j] = base64_encode($value);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    function _mapOutAttributes(&$root, $path, $asn1)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
 
        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            $size = count($attributes);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
                /* [value] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
                if ($map === false) {
                    user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported attribute', E_USER_NOTICE);
                    unset($attributes[$i]);
                } elseif (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
                        switch ($id) {
                            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
                                $this->_mapOutExtensions($values, $j, $asn1);
                                break;
                        }
 
                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
                            $temp = $asn1->encodeDER($values[$j], $map);
                            $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($temp);
                            $values[$j] = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->AttributeValue);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    function _getMapping($extnId)
    {
        if (!is_string($extnId)) { // eg. if it's a \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element object
            return true;
        }
 
        switch ($extnId) {
            case 'id-ce-keyUsage':
                return $this->KeyUsage;
            case 'id-ce-basicConstraints':
                return $this->BasicConstraints;
            case 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier':
                return $this->KeyIdentifier;
            case 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints':
                return $this->CRLDistributionPoints;
            case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier':
                return $this->AuthorityKeyIdentifier;
            case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
                return $this->CertificatePolicies;
            case 'id-ce-extKeyUsage':
                return $this->ExtKeyUsageSyntax;
            case 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess':
                return $this->AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax;
            case 'id-ce-subjectAltName':
                return $this->SubjectAltName;
            case 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod':
                return $this->PrivateKeyUsagePeriod;
            case 'id-ce-issuerAltName':
                return $this->IssuerAltName;
            case 'id-ce-policyMappings':
                return $this->PolicyMappings;
            case 'id-ce-nameConstraints':
                return $this->NameConstraints;
 
            case 'netscape-cert-type':
                return $this->netscape_cert_type;
            case 'netscape-comment':
                return $this->netscape_comment;
            case 'netscape-ca-policy-url':
                return $this->netscape_ca_policy_url;
 
            // since id-qt-cps isn't a constructed type it will have already been decoded as a string by the time it gets
            // back around to asn1map() and we don't want it decoded again.
            //case 'id-qt-cps':
            //    return $this->CPSuri;
            case 'id-qt-unotice':
                return $this->UserNotice;
 
            // the following OIDs are unsupported but we don't want them to give notices when calling saveX509().
            case 'id-pe-logotype': // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3709.txt
            case 'entrustVersInfo':
            // http://support.microsoft.com/kb/287547
            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2': // szOID_ENROLL_CERTTYPE_EXTENSION
            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.1': // szOID_CERTSRV_CA_VERSION
            // "SET Secure Electronic Transaction Specification"
            // http://www.maithean.com/docs/set_bk3.pdf
            case '2.23.42.7.0': // id-set-hashedRootKey
                return true;
 
            // CSR attributes
            case 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName':
                return $this->PKCS9String;
            case 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword':
                return $this->DirectoryString;
            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
                return $this->Extensions;
 
            // CRL extensions.
            case 'id-ce-cRLNumber':
                return $this->CRLNumber;
            case 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator':
                return $this->CRLNumber;
            case 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint':
                return $this->IssuingDistributionPoint;
            case 'id-ce-freshestCRL':
                return $this->CRLDistributionPoints;
            case 'id-ce-cRLReasons':
                return $this->CRLReason;
            case 'id-ce-invalidityDate':
                return $this->InvalidityDate;
            case 'id-ce-certificateIssuer':
                return $this->CertificateIssuer;
            case 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode':
                return $this->HoldInstructionCode;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function loadCA($cert)
    {
        $olddn = $this->dn;
        $oldcert = $this->currentCert;
        $oldsigsubj = $this->signatureSubject;
        $oldkeyid = $this->currentKeyIdentifier;
 
        $cert = $this->loadX509($cert);
        if (!$cert) {
            $this->dn = $olddn;
            $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
            $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = $oldkeyid;
 
            return false;
        }
 
        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":
 
           If the keyUsage extension is present, then the subject public key
           MUST NOT be used to verify signatures on certificates or CRLs unless
           the corresponding keyCertSign or cRLSign bit is set. */
        //$keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
        //if ($keyUsage && !in_array('keyCertSign', $keyUsage)) {
        //    return false;
        //}
 
        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":
 
           The cA boolean indicates whether the certified public key may be used
           to verify certificate signatures.  If the cA boolean is not asserted,
           then the keyCertSign bit in the key usage extension MUST NOT be
           asserted.  If the basic constraints extension is not present in a
           version 3 certificate, or the extension is present but the cA boolean
           is not asserted, then the certified public key MUST NOT be used to
           verify certificate signatures. */
        //$basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
        //if (!$basicConstraints || !$basicConstraints['cA']) {
        //    return false;
        //}
 
        $this->CAs[] = $cert;
 
        $this->dn = $olddn;
        $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
 
        return true;
    }
 
    function validateURL($url)
    {
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $components = parse_url($url);
        if (!isset($components['host'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        if ($names = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName')) {
            foreach ($names as $key => $value) {
                $value = str_replace(array('.', '*'), array('\.', '[^.]*'), $value);
                switch ($key) {
                    case 'dNSName':
                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
 
                           If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
                           be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
                           field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. Although
                           the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and
                           Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead. */
                        if (preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
                            return true;
                        }
                        break;
                    case 'iPAddress':
                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
 
                           In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
                           hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
                           in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI. */
                        if (preg_match('#(?:\d{1-3}\.){4}#', $components['host'] . '.') && preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
                            return true;
                        }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        if ($value = $this->getDNProp('id-at-commonName')) {
            $value = str_replace(array('.', '*'), array('\.', '[^.]*'), $value[0]);
            return preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host']);
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function validateDate($date = null)
    {
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        if (!isset($date)) {
            $date = time();
        }
 
        $notBefore = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'];
        $notBefore = isset($notBefore['generalTime']) ? $notBefore['generalTime'] : $notBefore['utcTime'];
 
        $notAfter = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'];
        $notAfter = isset($notAfter['generalTime']) ? $notAfter['generalTime'] : $notAfter['utcTime'];
 
        switch (true) {
            case $date < @strtotime($notBefore):
            case $date > @strtotime($notAfter):
                return false;
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    function validateSignature($caonly = true)
    {
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->signatureSubject)) {
            return null;
        }
 
        /* TODO:
           "emailAddress attribute values are not case-sensitive (e.g., "subscriber@example.com" is the same as "SUBSCRIBER@EXAMPLE.COM")."
            -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.6
 
           implement pathLenConstraint in the id-ce-basicConstraints extension */
 
        switch (true) {
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                // self-signed cert
                if ($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
                    $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
                    $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
                    switch (true) {
                        case !is_array($authorityKey):
                        case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                            $signingCert = $this->currentCert; // working cert
                    }
                }
 
                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
                        // even if the cert is a self-signed one we still want to see if it's a CA;
                        // if not, we'll conditionally return an error
                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
                        if ($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
                            $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
                            $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
                            switch (true) {
                                case !is_array($authorityKey):
                                case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                                    $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
                                    break 2;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (count($this->CAs) == $i && $caonly) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } elseif (!isset($signingCert) || $caonly) {
                    return false;
                }
                return $this->_validateSignature(
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
                return $this->_validateSignature(
                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            case isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']):
                return $this->_validateSignature(
                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
                        if ($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
                            $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
                            $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
                            switch (true) {
                                case !is_array($authorityKey):
                                case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                                    $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
                                    break 2;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (!isset($signingCert)) {
                    return false;
                }
                return $this->_validateSignature(
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
                    $this->signatureSubject
                );
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }
 
    function _validateSignature($publicKeyAlgorithm, $publicKey, $signatureAlgorithm, $signature, $signatureSubject)
    {
        switch ($publicKeyAlgorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $rsa = new RSA();
                $rsa->loadKey($publicKey);
 
                switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
                    case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
                    case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
                        $rsa->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
                        $rsa->setSignatureMode(RSA::SIGNATURE_PKCS1);
                        if (!@$rsa->verify($signatureSubject, $signature)) {
                            return false;
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        return null;
                }
                break;
            default:
                return null;
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    function _reformatKey($algorithm, $key)
    {
        switch ($algorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                return
                    "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
                    // subjectPublicKey is stored as a bit string in X.509 certs.  the first byte of a bit string represents how many bits
                    // in the last byte should be ignored.  the following only supports non-zero stuff but as none of the X.509 certs Firefox
                    // uses as a cert authority actually use a non-zero bit I think it's safe to assume that none do.
                    chunk_split(base64_encode(substr(base64_decode($key), 1)), 64) .
                    '-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----';
            default:
                return $key;
        }
    }
 
    function _decodeIP($ip)
    {
        $ip = base64_decode($ip);
        list(, $ip) = unpack('N', $ip);
        return long2ip($ip);
    }
 
    function _encodeIP($ip)
    {
        return base64_encode(pack('N', ip2long($ip)));
    }
 
    function _translateDNProp($propName)
    {
        switch (strtolower($propName)) {
            case 'id-at-countryname':
            case 'countryname':
            case 'c':
                return 'id-at-countryName';
            case 'id-at-organizationname':
            case 'organizationname':
            case 'o':
                return 'id-at-organizationName';
            case 'id-at-dnqualifier':
            case 'dnqualifier':
                return 'id-at-dnQualifier';
            case 'id-at-commonname':
            case 'commonname':
            case 'cn':
                return 'id-at-commonName';
            case 'id-at-stateorprovincename':
            case 'stateorprovincename':
            case 'state':
            case 'province':
            case 'provincename':
            case 'st':
                return 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName';
            case 'id-at-localityname':
            case 'localityname':
            case 'l':
                return 'id-at-localityName';
            case 'id-emailaddress':
            case 'emailaddress':
                return 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress';
            case 'id-at-serialnumber':
            case 'serialnumber':
                return 'id-at-serialNumber';
            case 'id-at-postalcode':
            case 'postalcode':
                return 'id-at-postalCode';
            case 'id-at-streetaddress':
            case 'streetaddress':
                return 'id-at-streetAddress';
            case 'id-at-name':
            case 'name':
                return 'id-at-name';
            case 'id-at-givenname':
            case 'givenname':
                return 'id-at-givenName';
            case 'id-at-surname':
            case 'surname':
            case 'sn':
                return 'id-at-surname';
            case 'id-at-initials':
            case 'initials':
                return 'id-at-initials';
            case 'id-at-generationqualifier':
            case 'generationqualifier':
                return 'id-at-generationQualifier';
            case 'id-at-organizationalunitname':
            case 'organizationalunitname':
            case 'ou':
                return 'id-at-organizationalUnitName';
            case 'id-at-pseudonym':
            case 'pseudonym':
                return 'id-at-pseudonym';
            case 'id-at-title':
            case 'title':
                return 'id-at-title';
            case 'id-at-description':
            case 'description':
                return 'id-at-description';
            case 'id-at-role':
            case 'role':
                return 'id-at-role';
            case 'id-at-uniqueidentifier':
            case 'uniqueidentifier':
            case 'x500uniqueidentifier':
                return 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier';
            default:
                return false;
        }
    }
 
    function setDNProp($propName, $propValue, $type = 'utf8String')
    {
        if (empty($this->dn)) {
            $this->dn = array('rdnSequence' => array());
        }
 
        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
            return false;
        }
 
        foreach ((array) $propValue as $v) {
            if (!is_array($v) && isset($type)) {
                $v = array($type => $v);
            }
            $this->dn['rdnSequence'][] = array(
                array(
                    'type' => $propName,
                    'value'=> $v
                )
            );
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    function removeDNProp($propName)
    {
        if (empty($this->dn)) {
            return;
        }
 
        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
            return;
        }
 
        $dn = &$this->dn['rdnSequence'];
        $size = count($dn);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
                unset($dn[$i]);
            }
        }
 
        $dn = array_values($dn);
    }
 
    function getDNProp($propName, $dn = null, $withType = false)
    {
        if (!isset($dn)) {
            $dn = $this->dn;
        }
 
        if (empty($dn)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $dn = $dn['rdnSequence'];
        $result = array();
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
        for ($i = 0; $i < count($dn); $i++) {
            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
                $v = $dn[$i][0]['value'];
                if (!$withType && is_array($v)) {
                    foreach ($v as $type => $s) {
                        $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
                        if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
                            $s = $asn1->convert($s, $type);
                            if ($s !== false) {
                                $v = $s;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (is_array($v)) {
                        $v = array_pop($v); // Always strip data type.
                    }
                }
                $result[] = $v;
            }
        }
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    function setDN($dn, $merge = false, $type = 'utf8String')
    {
        if (!$merge) {
            $this->dn = null;
        }
 
        if (is_array($dn)) {
            if (isset($dn['rdnSequence'])) {
                $this->dn = $dn; // No merge here.
                return true;
            }
 
            // handles stuff generated by openssl_x509_parse()
            foreach ($dn as $prop => $value) {
                if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
 
        // handles everything else
        $results = preg_split('#((?:^|, *|/)(?:C=|O=|OU=|CN=|L=|ST=|SN=|postalCode=|streetAddress=|emailAddress=|serialNumber=|organizationalUnitName=|title=|description=|role=|x500UniqueIdentifier=))#', $dn, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
        for ($i = 1; $i < count($results); $i+=2) {
            $prop = trim($results[$i], ', =/');
            $value = $results[$i + 1];
            if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    function getDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY, $dn = null)
    {
        if (!isset($dn)) {
            $dn = isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']) ? $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] : $this->dn;
        }
 
        switch ((int) $format) {
            case self::DN_ARRAY:
                return $dn;
            case self::DN_ASN1:
                $asn1 = new ASN1();
                $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
                $filters = array();
                $filters['rdnSequence']['value'] = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
                $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
                return $asn1->encodeDER($dn, $this->Name);
            case self::DN_OPENSSL:
                $dn = $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $dn);
                if ($dn === false) {
                    return false;
                }
                $attrs = preg_split('#((?:^|, *|/)[a-z][a-z0-9]*=)#i', $dn, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
                $dn = array();
                for ($i = 1; $i < count($attrs); $i += 2) {
                    $prop = trim($attrs[$i], ', =/');
                    $value = $attrs[$i + 1];
                    if (!isset($dn[$prop])) {
                        $dn[$prop] = $value;
                    } else {
                        $dn[$prop] = array_merge((array) $dn[$prop], array($value));
                    }
                }
                return $dn;
            case self::DN_CANON:
                //  No SEQUENCE around RDNs and all string values normalized as
                // trimmed lowercase UTF-8 with all spacing  as one blank.
                $asn1 = new ASN1();
                $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
                $filters = array();
                $filters['value'] = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
                $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
                $result = '';
                foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $rdn) {
                    foreach ($rdn as $i => $attr) {
                        $attr = &$rdn[$i];
                        if (is_array($attr['value'])) {
                            foreach ($attr['value'] as $type => $v) {
                                $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
                                if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
                                    $v = $asn1->convert($v, $type);
                                    if ($v !== false) {
                                        $v = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $v);
                                        $attr['value'] = strtolower(trim($v));
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    $result .= $asn1->encodeDER($rdn, $this->RelativeDistinguishedName);
                }
                return $result;
            case self::DN_HASH:
                $dn = $this->getDN(self::DN_CANON, $dn);
                $hash = new Hash('sha1');
                $hash = $hash->hash($dn);
                extract(unpack('Vhash', $hash));
                return strtolower(bin2hex(pack('N', $hash)));
        }
 
        // Default is to return a string.
        $start = true;
        $output = '';
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
        foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $field) {
            $prop = $field[0]['type'];
            $value = $field[0]['value'];
 
            $delim = ', ';
            switch ($prop) {
                case 'id-at-countryName':
                    $desc = 'C=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName':
                    $desc = 'ST=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-organizationName':
                    $desc = 'O=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-organizationalUnitName':
                    $desc = 'OU=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-commonName':
                    $desc = 'CN=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-localityName':
                    $desc = 'L=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-surname':
                    $desc = 'SN=';
                    break;
                case 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier':
                    $delim = '/';
                    $desc = 'x500UniqueIdentifier=';
                    break;
                default:
                    $delim = '/';
                    $desc = preg_replace('#.+-([^-]+)$#', '$1',  $prop) . '=';
            }
 
            if (!$start) {
                $output.= $delim;
            }
            if (is_array($value)) {
                foreach ($value as $type => $v) {
                    $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
                    if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
                        $v = $asn1->convert($v, $type);
                        if ($v !== false) {
                            $value = $v;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (is_array($value)) {
                    $value = array_pop($value); // Always strip data type.
                }
            }
            $output.= $desc . $value;
            $start = false;
        }
 
        return $output;
    }
 
    function getIssuerDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer']);
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer']);
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getSubjectDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !empty($this->dn):
                return $this->getDN($format);
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']);
            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']);
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getIssuerDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'], $withType);
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'], $withType);
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getSubjectDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
    {
        switch (true) {
            case !empty($this->dn):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, null, $withType);
            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
                break;
            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'], $withType);
            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'], $withType);
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getChain()
    {
        $chain = array($this->currentCert);
 
        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            return false;
        }
        if (empty($this->CAs)) {
            return $chain;
        }
        while (true) {
            $currentCert = $chain[count($chain) - 1];
            for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
                $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
                if ($currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
                    $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', $currentCert);
                    $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
                    switch (true) {
                        case !is_array($authorityKey):
                        case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
                            if ($currentCert === $ca) {
                                break 3;
                            }
                            $chain[] = $ca;
                            break 2;
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($i == count($this->CAs)) {
                break;
            }
        }
        foreach ($chain as $key => $value) {
            $chain[$key] = new X509();
            $chain[$key]->loadX509($value);
        }
        return $chain;
    }
 
    function setPublicKey($key)
    {
        $key->setPublicKey();
        $this->publicKey = $key;
    }
 
    function setPrivateKey($key)
    {
        $this->privateKey = $key;
    }
 
    function setChallenge($challenge)
    {
        $this->challenge = $challenge;
    }
 
    function getPublicKey()
    {
        if (isset($this->publicKey)) {
            return $this->publicKey;
        }
 
        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert)) {
            foreach (array('tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo', 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo') as $path) {
                $keyinfo = $this->_subArray($this->currentCert, $path);
                if (!empty($keyinfo)) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (empty($keyinfo)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $key = $keyinfo['subjectPublicKey'];
 
        switch ($keyinfo['algorithm']['algorithm']) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $publicKey = new RSA();
                $publicKey->loadKey($key);
                $publicKey->setPublicKey();
                break;
            default:
                return false;
        }
 
        return $publicKey;
    }
 
    function loadCSR($csr, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
    {
        if (is_array($csr) && isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
            unset($this->currentCert);
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
            $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
                return false;
            }
 
            $this->currentCert = $csr;
            return $csr;
        }
 
        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
            $newcsr = $this->_extractBER($csr);
            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $csr == $newcsr) {
                return false;
            }
            $csr = $newcsr;
        }
        $orig = $csr;
 
        if ($csr === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($csr);
 
        if (empty($decoded)) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $csr = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->CertificationRequest);
        if (!isset($csr) || $csr === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
        $this->_mapInAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', $asn1);
 
        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
 
        $algorithm = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
        $key = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
        $key = $this->_reformatKey($algorithm, $key);
 
        switch ($algorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $this->publicKey = new RSA();
                $this->publicKey->loadKey($key);
                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
                break;
            default:
                $this->publicKey = null;
        }
 
        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
        $this->currentCert = $csr;
 
        return $csr;
    }
 
    function saveCSR($csr, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($csr) || !isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        switch (true) {
            case !($algorithm = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
            case is_object($csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                break;
            default:
                switch ($algorithm) {
                    case 'rsaEncryption':
                        $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']
                            = base64_encode("\0" . base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
                }
        }
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
 
        $filters = array();
        $filters['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value']
            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
 
        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
 
        $this->_mapOutAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', $asn1);
        $csr = $asn1->encodeDER($csr, $this->CertificationRequest);
 
        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $csr;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\r\n" . chunk_split(base64_encode($csr), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----';
        }
    }
 
    function loadSPKAC($spkac)
    {
        if (is_array($spkac) && isset($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
            unset($this->currentCert);
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
            $this->currentCert = $spkac;
            return $spkac;
        }
 
        // see http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/forms.html#signedpublickeyandchallenge
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        // OpenSSL produces SPKAC's that are preceeded by the string SPKAC=
        $temp = preg_replace('#(?:SPKAC=)|[ \r\n\\\]#', '', $spkac);
        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? base64_decode($temp) : false;
        if ($temp != false) {
            $spkac = $temp;
        }
        $orig = $spkac;
 
        if ($spkac === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($spkac);
 
        if (empty($decoded)) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $spkac = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge);
 
        if (!isset($spkac) || $spkac === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
 
        $algorithm = &$spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
        $key = &$spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'];
        $key = $this->_reformatKey($algorithm, $key);
 
        switch ($algorithm) {
            case 'rsaEncryption':
                $this->publicKey = new RSA();
                $this->publicKey->loadKey($key);
                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
                break;
            default:
                $this->publicKey = null;
        }
 
        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
        $this->currentCert = $spkac;
 
        return $spkac;
    }
 
    function saveSPKAC($spkac, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($spkac) || !isset($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $algorithm = $this->_subArray($spkac, 'publicKeyAndChallenge/spki/algorithm/algorithm');
        switch (true) {
            case !$algorithm:
            case is_object($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey']):
                break;
            default:
                switch ($algorithm) {
                    case 'rsaEncryption':
                        $spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey']
                            = base64_encode("\0" . base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'])));
                }
        }
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
        $spkac = $asn1->encodeDER($spkac, $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge);
 
        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $spkac;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                // OpenSSL's implementation of SPKAC requires the SPKAC be preceeded by SPKAC= and since there are pretty much
                // no other SPKAC decoders phpseclib will use that same format
                return 'SPKAC=' . base64_encode($spkac);
        }
    }
 
    function loadCRL($crl, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
    {
        if (is_array($crl) && isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
            $this->currentCert = $crl;
            unset($this->signatureSubject);
            return $crl;
        }
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
            $newcrl = $this->_extractBER($crl);
            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $crl == $newcrl) {
                return false;
            }
            $crl = $newcrl;
        }
        $orig = $crl;
 
        if ($crl === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($crl);
 
        if (empty($decoded)) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $crl = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->CertificateList);
        if (!isset($crl) || $crl === false) {
            $this->currentCert = false;
            return false;
        }
 
        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
 
        $this->_mapInExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions', $asn1);
        $rclist = &$this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
        if (is_array($rclist)) {
            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
                $this->_mapInExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions", $asn1);
            }
        }
 
        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
        $this->currentCert = $crl;
 
        return $crl;
    }
 
    function saveCRL($crl, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
    {
        if (!is_array($crl) || !isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $asn1 = new ASN1();
 
        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
 
        $filters = array();
        $filters['tbsCertList']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value']
            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
        $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters']
            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters']
            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
 
        if (empty($crl['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters'])) {
            $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters']
                = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NULL);
        }
 
        if (empty($crl['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'])) {
            $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters']
                = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NULL);
        }
 
        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
 
        $this->_mapOutExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions', $asn1);
        $rclist = &$this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
        if (is_array($rclist)) {
            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
                $this->_mapOutExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions", $asn1);
            }
        }
 
        $crl = $asn1->encodeDER($crl, $this->CertificateList);
 
        switch ($format) {
            case self::FORMAT_DER:
                return $crl;
            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
            default:
                return "-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----\r\n" . chunk_split(base64_encode($crl), 64) . '-----END X509 CRL-----';
        }
    }
 
    function _timeField($date)
    {
        $year = @gmdate("Y", @strtotime($date)); // the same way ASN1.php parses this
        if ($year < 2050) {
            return array('utcTime' => $date);
        } else {
            return array('generalTime' => $date);
        }
    }
 
    function sign($issuer, $subject, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        if (isset($subject->publicKey) && !($subjectPublicKey = $subject->_formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;
 
        if (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
            $this->currentCert = $subject->currentCert;
            $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
 
            if (!empty($this->startDate)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'] = $this->_timeField($this->startDate);
            }
            if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'] = $this->_timeField($this->endDate);
            }
            if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['serialNumber'] = $this->serialNumber;
            }
            if (!empty($subject->dn)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'] = $subject->dn;
            }
            if (!empty($subject->publicKey)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo'] = $subjectPublicKey;
            }
            $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
            if (isset($subject->domains)) {
                $this->removeExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName');
            }
        } elseif (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            return false;
        } else {
            if (!isset($subject->publicKey)) {
                return false;
            }
 
            $startDate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O');
            $endDate = !empty($this->endDate) ? $this->endDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', strtotime('+1 year'));
            /* "The serial number MUST be a positive integer"
               "Conforming CAs MUST NOT use serialNumber values longer than 20 octets."
                -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.2
 
               for the integer to be positive the leading bit needs to be 0 hence the
               application of a bitmap
            */
            $serialNumber = !empty($this->serialNumber) ?
                $this->serialNumber :
                new BigInteger(Random::string(20) & ("\x7F" . str_repeat("\xFF", 19)), 256);
 
            $this->currentCert = array(
                'tbsCertificate' =>
                    array(
                        'version' => 'v3',
                        'serialNumber' => $serialNumber, // $this->setserialNumber()
                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
                        'validity' => array(
                            'notBefore' => $this->_timeField($startDate), // $this->setStartDate()
                            'notAfter' => $this->_timeField($endDate)   // $this->setEndDate()
                        ),
                        'subject' => $subject->dn,
                        'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $subjectPublicKey
                    ),
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            );
 
            // Copy extensions from CSR.
            $csrexts = $subject->getAttribute('pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 0);
 
            if (!empty($csrexts)) {
                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'] = $csrexts;
            }
        }
 
        $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
 
        if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
            $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', array(
                    //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
                    //    array(
                    //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
                    //    )
                    //),
                    'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
                ));
            //$extensions = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'];
            //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
            //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
            //}
            //unset($extensions);
        }
 
        if (isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $subject->currentKeyIdentifier);
        }
 
        $altName = array();
 
        if (isset($subject->domains) && count($subject->domains) > 1) {
            $altName = array_map(array('X509', '_dnsName'), $subject->domains);
        }
 
        if (isset($subject->ipAddresses) && count($subject->ipAddresses)) {
            // should an IP address appear as the CN if no domain name is specified? idk
            //$ips = count($subject->domains) ? $subject->ipAddresses : array_slice($subject->ipAddresses, 1);
            $ipAddresses = array();
            foreach ($subject->ipAddresses as $ipAddress) {
                $encoded = $subject->_ipAddress($ipAddress);
                if ($encoded !== false) {
                    $ipAddresses[] = $encoded;
                }
            }
            if (count($ipAddresses)) {
                $altName = array_merge($altName, $ipAddresses);
            }
        }
 
        if (!empty($altName)) {
            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $altName);
        }
 
        if ($this->caFlag) {
            $keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
            if (!$keyUsage) {
                $keyUsage = array();
            }
 
            $this->setExtension(
                'id-ce-keyUsage',
                array_values(array_unique(array_merge($keyUsage, array('cRLSign', 'keyCertSign'))))
            );
 
            $basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
            if (!$basicConstraints) {
                $basicConstraints = array();
            }
 
            $this->setExtension(
                'id-ce-basicConstraints',
                array_unique(array_merge(array('cA' => true), $basicConstraints)),
                true
            );
 
            if (!isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', base64_encode($this->computeKeyIdentifier($this->currentCert)), false, false);
            }
        }
 
        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $tbsCertificate in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $tbsCertificate = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'];
        $this->loadX509($this->saveX509($this->currentCert));
 
        $result = $this->_sign($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['tbsCertificate'] = $tbsCertificate;
 
        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    function signCSR($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($this->privateKey) || empty($this->dn)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
        $this->publicKey = new $class();
        $this->publicKey->loadKey($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
        if (!($publicKey = $this->_formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;
 
        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;
 
        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            if (!empty($this->dn)) {
                $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'] = $this->dn;
            }
            $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo'] = $publicKey;
        } else {
            $this->currentCert = array(
                'certificationRequestInfo' =>
                    array(
                        'version' => 'v1',
                        'subject' => $this->dn,
                        'subjectPKInfo' => $publicKey
                    ),
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            );
        }
 
        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $certificationRequestInfo in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $certificationRequestInfo = $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'];
        $this->loadCSR($this->saveCSR($this->currentCert));
 
        $result = $this->_sign($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['certificationRequestInfo'] = $certificationRequestInfo;
 
        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    function signSPKAC($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($this->privateKey)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
        $this->publicKey = new $class();
        $this->publicKey->loadKey($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
        $publicKey = $this->_formatSubjectPublicKey();
        if (!$publicKey) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;
 
        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;
 
        // re-signing a SPKAC seems silly but since everything else supports re-signing why not?
        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki'] = $publicKey;
            if (!empty($this->challenge)) {
                // the bitwise AND ensures that the output is a valid IA5String
                $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['challenge'] = $this->challenge & str_repeat("\x7F", strlen($this->challenge));
            }
        } else {
            $this->currentCert = array(
                'publicKeyAndChallenge' =>
                    array(
                        'spki' => $publicKey,
                        // quoting <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/keygen>,
                        // "A challenge string that is submitted along with the public key. Defaults to an empty string if not specified."
                        // both Firefox and OpenSSL ("openssl spkac -key private.key") behave this way
                        // we could alternatively do this instead if we ignored the specs:
                        // Random::string(8) & str_repeat("\x7F", 8)
                        'challenge' => !empty($this->challenge) ? $this->challenge : ''
                    ),
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            );
        }
 
        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $publicKeyAndChallenge in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $publicKeyAndChallenge = $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge'];
        $this->loadSPKAC($this->saveSPKAC($this->currentCert));
 
        $result = $this->_sign($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['publicKeyAndChallenge'] = $publicKeyAndChallenge;
 
        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    function signCRL($issuer, $crl, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
    {
        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject : null;
        $thisUpdate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O');
 
        if (isset($crl->currentCert) && is_array($crl->currentCert) && isset($crl->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            $this->currentCert = $crl->currentCert;
            $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
        } else {
            $this->currentCert = array(
                'tbsCertList' =>
                    array(
                        'version' => 'v2',
                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
                        'thisUpdate' => $this->_timeField($thisUpdate) // $this->setStartDate()
                    ),
                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
            );
        }
 
        $tbsCertList = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
        $tbsCertList['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
        $tbsCertList['thisUpdate'] = $this->_timeField($thisUpdate);
 
        if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
            $tbsCertList['nextUpdate'] = $this->_timeField($this->endDate); // $this->setEndDate()
        } else {
            unset($tbsCertList['nextUpdate']);
        }
 
        if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
            $crlNumber = $this->serialNumber;
        } else {
            $crlNumber = $this->getExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber');
            // "The CRL number is a non-critical CRL extension that conveys a
            //  monotonically increasing sequence number for a given CRL scope and
            //  CRL issuer.  This extension allows users to easily determine when a
            //  particular CRL supersedes another CRL."
            // -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-5.2.3
            $crlNumber = $crlNumber !== false ? $crlNumber->add(new BigInteger(1)) : null;
        }
 
        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName');
 
        // Be sure version >= v2 if some extension found.
        $version = isset($tbsCertList['version']) ? $tbsCertList['version'] : 0;
        if (!$version) {
            if (!empty($tbsCertList['crlExtensions'])) {
                $version = 1; // v2.
            } elseif (!empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
                foreach ($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'] as $cert) {
                    if (!empty($cert['crlEntryExtensions'])) {
                        $version = 1; // v2.
                    }
                }
            }
 
            if ($version) {
                $tbsCertList['version'] = $version;
            }
        }
 
        // Store additional extensions.
        if (!empty($tbsCertList['version'])) { // At least v2.
            if (!empty($crlNumber)) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber', $crlNumber);
            }
 
            if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', array(
                        //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
                        //    array(
                        //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
                        //    )
                        //),
                        'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
                    ));
                //$extensions = &$tbsCertList['crlExtensions'];
                //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
                //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
                //}
                //unset($extensions);
            }
 
            $issuerAltName = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $issuer->currentCert);
 
            if ($issuerAltName !== false) {
                $this->setExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName', $issuerAltName);
            }
        }
 
        if (empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
            unset($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates']);
        }
 
        unset($tbsCertList);
 
        // resync $this->signatureSubject
        // save $tbsCertList in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
        $tbsCertList = $this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
        $this->loadCRL($this->saveCRL($this->currentCert));
 
        $result = $this->_sign($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
        $result['tbsCertList'] = $tbsCertList;
 
        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    function _sign($key, $signatureAlgorithm)
    {
        if ($key instanceof RSA) {
            switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
                case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
                case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
                    $key->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
                    $key->setSignatureMode(RSA::SIGNATURE_PKCS1);
 
                    $this->currentCert['signature'] = base64_encode("\0" . $key->sign($this->signatureSubject));
                    return $this->currentCert;
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function setStartDate($date)
    {
        $this->startDate = @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
    }
 
    function setEndDate($date)
    {
        /*
          To indicate that a certificate has no well-defined expiration date,
          the notAfter SHOULD be assigned the GeneralizedTime value of
          99991231235959Z.
 
          -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
        */
        if (strtolower($date) == 'lifetime') {
            $temp = '99991231235959Z';
            $asn1 = new ASN1();
            $temp = chr(ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME) . $asn1->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
            $this->endDate = new Element($temp);
        } else {
            $this->endDate = @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
        }
    }
 
    function setSerialNumber($serial, $base = -256)
    {
        $this->serialNumber = new BigInteger($serial, $base);
    }
 
    function makeCA()
    {
        $this->caFlag = true;
    }
 
    function &_subArray(&$root, $path, $create = false)
    {
        $false = false;
 
        if (!is_array($root)) {
            return $false;
        }
 
        foreach (explode('/', $path) as $i) {
            if (!is_array($root)) {
                return $false;
            }
 
            if (!isset($root[$i])) {
                if (!$create) {
                    return $false;
                }
 
                $root[$i] = array();
            }
 
            $root = &$root[$i];
        }
 
        return $root;
    }
 
    function &_extensions(&$root, $path = null, $create = false)
    {
        if (!isset($root)) {
            $root = $this->currentCert;
        }
 
        switch (true) {
            case !empty($path):
            case !is_array($root):
                break;
            case isset($root['tbsCertificate']):
                $path = 'tbsCertificate/extensions';
                break;
            case isset($root['tbsCertList']):
                $path = 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions';
                break;
            case isset($root['certificationRequestInfo']):
                $pth = 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes';
                $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $pth, $create);
 
                if (is_array($attributes)) {
                    foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
                        if ($value['type'] == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
                            $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
                            break 2;
                        }
                    }
                    if ($create) {
                        $key = count($attributes);
                        $attributes[] = array('type' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 'value' => array());
                        $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
                    }
                }
                break;
        }
 
        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path, $create);
 
        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            $false = false;
            return $false;
        }
 
        return $extensions;
    }
 
    function _removeExtension($id, $path = null)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->_extensions($this->currentCert, $path);
 
        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $result = false;
        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
                unset($extensions[$key]);
                $result = true;
            }
        }
 
        $extensions = array_values($extensions);
        return $result;
    }
 
    function _getExtension($id, $cert = null, $path = null)
    {
        $extensions = $this->_extensions($cert, $path);
 
        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
                return $value['extnValue'];
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function _getExtensions($cert = null, $path = null)
    {
        $exts = $this->_extensions($cert, $path);
        $extensions = array();
 
        if (is_array($exts)) {
            foreach ($exts as $extension) {
                $extensions[] = $extension['extnId'];
            }
        }
 
        return $extensions;
    }
 
    function _setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true, $path = null)
    {
        $extensions = &$this->_extensions($this->currentCert, $path, true);
 
        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $newext = array('extnId'  => $id, 'critical' => $critical, 'extnValue' => $value);
 
        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
                if (!$replace) {
                    return false;
                }
 
                $extensions[$key] = $newext;
                return true;
            }
        }
 
        $extensions[] = $newext;
        return true;
    }
 
    function removeExtension($id)
    {
        return $this->_removeExtension($id);
    }
 
    function getExtension($id, $cert = null)
    {
        return $this->_getExtension($id, $cert);
    }
 
    function getExtensions($cert = null)
    {
        return $this->_getExtensions($cert);
    }
 
    function setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
    {
        return $this->_setExtension($id, $value, $critical, $replace);
    }
 
    function removeAttribute($id, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
 
        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $result = false;
        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
                $n = count($attribute['value']);
                switch (true) {
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_REPLACE:
                        return false;
                    case $disposition >= $n:
                        $disposition -= $n;
                        break;
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL:
                    case $n == 1:
                        unset($attributes[$key]);
                        $result = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        unset($attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition]);
                        $attributes[$key]['value'] = array_values($attributes[$key]['value']);
                        $result = true;
                        break;
                }
                if ($result && $disposition != self::ATTR_ALL) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
 
        $attributes = array_values($attributes);
        return $result;
    }
 
    function getAttribute($id, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL, $csr = null)
    {
        if (empty($csr)) {
            $csr = $this->currentCert;
        }
 
        $attributes = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
 
        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
                $n = count($attribute['value']);
                switch (true) {
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_REPLACE:
                        return false;
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL:
                        return $attribute['value'];
                    case $disposition >= $n:
                        $disposition -= $n;
                        break;
                    default:
                        return $attribute['value'][$disposition];
                }
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getAttributes($csr = null)
    {
        if (empty($csr)) {
            $csr = $this->currentCert;
        }
 
        $attributes = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
        $attrs = array();
 
        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
                $attrs[] = $attribute['type'];
            }
        }
 
        return $attrs;
    }
 
    function setAttribute($id, $value, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL)
    {
        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', true);
 
        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        switch ($disposition) {
            case self::ATTR_REPLACE:
                $disposition = self::ATTR_APPEND;
            case self::ATTR_ALL:
                $this->removeAttribute($id);
                break;
        }
 
        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
                $n = count($attribute['value']);
                switch (true) {
                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
                        $last = $key;
                        break;
                    case $disposition >= $n:
                        $disposition -= $n;
                        break;
                    default:
                        $attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition] = $value;
                        return true;
                }
            }
        }
 
        switch (true) {
            case $disposition >= 0:
                return false;
            case isset($last):
                $attributes[$last]['value'][] = $value;
                break;
            default:
                $attributes[] = array('type' => $id, 'value' => $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL ? $value: array($value));
                break;
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    function setKeyIdentifier($value)
    {
        if (empty($value)) {
            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
        } else {
            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = base64_encode($value);
        }
    }
 
    function computeKeyIdentifier($key = null, $method = 1)
    {
        if (is_null($key)) {
            $key = $this;
        }
 
        switch (true) {
            case is_string($key):
                break;
            case is_array($key) && isset($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
            case is_array($key) && isset($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
            case !is_object($key):
                return false;
            case $key instanceof Element:
                // Assume the element is a bitstring-packed key.
                $asn1 = new ASN1();
                $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($key->element);
                if (empty($decoded)) {
                    return false;
                }
                $raw = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING));
                if (empty($raw)) {
                    return false;
                }
                $raw = base64_decode($raw);
                // If the key is private, compute identifier from its corresponding public key.
                $key = new RSA();
                if (!$key->loadKey($raw)) {
                    return false;   // Not an unencrypted RSA key.
                }
                if ($key->getPrivateKey() !== false) {  // If private.
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key, $method);
                }
                $key = $raw;    // Is a public key.
                break;
            case $key instanceof X509:
                if (isset($key->publicKey)) {
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->publicKey, $method);
                }
                if (isset($key->privateKey)) {
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->privateKey, $method);
                }
                if (isset($key->currentCert['tbsCertificate']) || isset($key->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->currentCert, $method);
                }
                return false;
            default: // Should be a key object (i.e.: \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA).
                $key = $key->getPublicKey(RSA::PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1);
                break;
        }
 
        // If in PEM format, convert to binary.
        $key = $this->_extractBER($key);
 
        // Now we have the key string: compute its sha-1 sum.
        $hash = new Hash('sha1');
        $hash = $hash->hash($key);
 
        if ($method == 2) {
            $hash = substr($hash, -8);
            $hash[0] = chr((ord($hash[0]) & 0x0F) | 0x40);
        }
 
        return $hash;
    }
 
    function _formatSubjectPublicKey()
    {
        if ($this->publicKey instanceof RSA) {
            // the following two return statements do the same thing. i dunno.. i just prefer the later for some reason.
            // the former is a good example of how to do fuzzing on the public key
            //return new Element(base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $this->publicKey->getPublicKey())));
            return array(
                'algorithm' => array('algorithm' => 'rsaEncryption'),
                'subjectPublicKey' => $this->publicKey->getPublicKey(RSA::PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
            );
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function setDomain()
    {
        $this->domains = func_get_args();
        $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
        $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->domains[0]);
    }
 
    function setIPAddress()
    {
        $this->ipAddresses = func_get_args();
        /*
        if (!isset($this->domains)) {
            $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
            $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->ipAddresses[0]);
        }
        */
    }
 
    function _dnsName($domain)
    {
        return array('dNSName' => $domain);
    }
 
    function _iPAddress($address)
    {
        return array('iPAddress' => $address);
    }
 
    function _revokedCertificate(&$rclist, $serial, $create = false)
    {
        $serial = new BigInteger($serial);
 
        foreach ($rclist as $i => $rc) {
            if (!($serial->compare($rc['userCertificate']))) {
                return $i;
            }
        }
 
        if (!$create) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $i = count($rclist);
        $rclist[] = array('userCertificate' => $serial,
                          'revocationDate'  => $this->_timeField(@date('D, d M Y H:i:s O')));
        return $i;
    }
 
    function revoke($serial, $date = null)
    {
        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
                if ($this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial) === false) { // If not yet revoked
                    if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
                        if (!empty($date)) {
                            $rclist[$i]['revocationDate'] = $this->_timeField($date);
                        }
 
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function unrevoke($serial)
    {
        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                unset($rclist[$i]);
                $rclist = array_values($rclist);
                return true;
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getRevoked($serial)
    {
        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $rclist[$i];
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function listRevoked($crl = null)
    {
        if (!isset($crl)) {
            $crl = $this->currentCert;
        }
 
        if (!isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        $result = array();
 
        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            foreach ($rclist as $rc) {
                $result[] = $rc['userCertificate']->toString();
            }
        }
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    function removeRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id)
    {
        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $this->_removeExtension($id, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $crl = null)
    {
        if (!isset($crl)) {
            $crl = $this->currentCert;
        }
 
        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $this->_getExtension($id, $crl,  "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function getRevokedCertificateExtensions($serial, $crl = null)
    {
        if (!isset($crl)) {
            $crl = $this->currentCert;
        }
 
        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
                return $this->_getExtensions($crl, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function setRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
    {
        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
                if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
                    return $this->_setExtension($id, $value, $critical, $replace, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
                }
            }
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    function _extractBER($str)
    {
        /* X.509 certs are assumed to be base64 encoded but sometimes they'll have additional things in them
         * above and beyond the ceritificate.
         * ie. some may have the following preceding the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- line:
         *
         * Bag Attributes
         *     localKeyID: 01 00 00 00
         * subject=/O=organization/OU=org unit/CN=common name
         * issuer=/O=organization/CN=common name
         */
        $temp = preg_replace('#.*?^-+[^-]+-+[\r\n ]*$#ms', '', $str, 1);
        // remove the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- and -----END CERTIFICATE----- stuff
        $temp = preg_replace('#-+[^-]+-+#', '', $temp);
        // remove new lines
        $temp = str_replace(array("\r", "\n", ' '), '', $temp);
        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? base64_decode($temp) : false;
        return $temp != false ? $temp : $str;
    }
 
    function getOID($name)
    {
        static $reverseMap;
        if (!isset($reverseMap)) {
            $reverseMap = array_flip($this->oids);
        }
        return isset($reverseMap[$name]) ? $reverseMap[$name] : $name;
    }
}